House of Glass Vol. Hyperion Books translated and edited by Willem Samuels. Haymarket Books. Setiadi, Hilmar Farid Rewriting the Nation: Pramoedya and the Politics of Decolonization. Kurniawan, Eka Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan sastra realisme sosialis.
Penerbit Jendela. Foulcher, Keith Sajed, Alina Scherer, Savitri Prastiti Toer, How does Pramoedya build on and contextualise socialist realism in his specific experience of authoritarianism and revolutionary struggle against colonialism in Indonesian history, and what could we learn from that in the global context?
What is the relationship between resistance, literary, and social theory for Pramoedya? Your email address will not be published. The Buru tetralogy, which starts with his famous "This Earth of Mankind", deals with the awakening period of Indonesian national consciousness. At the same time, this tetralogy is a historical novel on the grand-scale which conveys, throughout the turbulent periods of his own life, Mr.
Pramoedya's ardent message of wishing for the independence of Indonesian nationals and emancipation of mankind everywhere. The details of title, age, career and award citation are at the time of announcement of the Prize. Pramoedya Ananta Toer has written many novels which raise penetrating questions of national independence and the emancipation of mankind for the whole world. His novels have exerted an influence well beyond the national boundaries of Indonesia.
This makes him one of the truly great writers of Asia. Pramoedya was born in Blora, Central Java, now Indonesia in As he grew up, he was greatly influenced by his father, who was a nationalist and schoolteacher, and his mother, who was caring and independent-minded.
At the age of 17, he went to Jakarta alone to study politics, economics and Indonesian language, which was later to become the official language of the country. He was awakened to literature through his reading of many novels. He started to publish his own works, while employed as an editor at various publishing houses. In , in the midst of the war triggered by the declaration of independence of Indonesia, he was arrested and imprisoned by the Dutch colonial forces.
Pramoedya has often been compared with Russian author Alexander Solzhenitsyn and other dissident writers around the world. He was one of nine children. Pramoedya's father was an educator and a member of a pro-independence group called Budi Otomo. In The Mute's Soliloquy , Pramoedya described his father as "a Javanese who had a near-mystical feeling about words" and explained that the name Pramoedya was constructed from the syllables of a revolutionary slogan, "Yang Pertama di Medan," or "First on the Battlefield.
Pramoedya wrote his books in the Indonesian language. His father was a charismatic independence campaigner, "a lion at the rostrum," Pramoedya wrote, but he also suffered from a gambling addiction. In order to attend a broadcasting vocational school in the larger city of Surabaya, Pramoedya had to save money by working with his mother as a rice trader. Pramoedya graduated from the school in , just as World War II broke out. Pramoedya, like many other Indonesians, initially welcomed the Japanese as liberators from Dutch colonial occupation, and he worked during the war for Japan's Domei news agency.
Later in the war, however, many Indonesians were conscripted by the Japanese into forced labor brigades. In the power vacuum that followed Japan's surrender in , Indonesia, led by the country's first president, Sukarno many Javanese Indonesians use only one name , declared independence. The Netherlands launched a four-year war to recover its colony, and Pramoedya fought for a time in a guerrilla group. He later moved to Jakarta, Indonesia's largest city, and edited a pro-independence journal.
For these activities he was imprisoned by Dutch authorities between the summer of and the end of , when the Dutch, under international pressure, ceased hostilities.
While he was in prison, guards gave Pramoedya a copy of John Steinbeck's epic novel Of Mice and Men , which Pramoedya used as a way to learn the English language. He also began to combat the despair of prison life by writing, a practice he would likewise follow during later stretches in prison, and he completed his first novel, Perburuan The Fugitive, translated into English in The book earned Pramoedya widespread recognition and confirmed his gift for weaving historical events into compelling narratives of characters with complex personal motivations.
Pramoedya was fond of saying that he became a writer because he had no other marketable skill, and his reception of the young country's Balai Putaska literary prize helped stabilize his financial situation.
He married for the first time, eventually fathering eight children during two marriages. Pramoedya wrote several novels, including Keluarga Gerilya The Gerilya Family , set during the war of Indonesian independence. He also penned short stories that were collected into several books; one of these, Cerita dari Blora Stories from Blora, , featured settings from his home region. The novel Korupsi Corruption, , written after Pramoedya spent a year in the Netherlands on a cultural exchange program, was aimed at corruption in Indonesian society.
Pramoedya also traveled to China in , and over the course of the s he gradually moved leftward politically. Many of his writings of the late s were nonfiction essays on themes of social criticism. Pramoedya began to speak out about the conditions facing ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, a prosperous but often persecuted minority in the country. This earned him the enmity of Sukarno, whom Pramoedya generally admired, and in he spent another nine months in prison. Between and he edited the cultural section of the leftist-oriented Bintang Timur Eastern Star newspaper.
In , however, chaos broke out in Indonesia. A group of army officers was assassinated under murky circumstances, and Indonesia's Communist Party was blamed. An Indonesian general, Suharto, seized power from Sukarno and ruled Indonesia as strongman of the country's "New Order" government until The country's military launched a brutal program of repression against members of Communist organizations, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Pramoedya, whose works had already begun to appear in foreign language editions, was not killed, but he was arrested in October of and again imprisoned.
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