Where did it come from when the only difference between it and the version in Figure 5 is High Deghosting instead of Medium? Figure 6: These photos were reprocessed with higher levels of ghost removal compared to Figures 1 and 2. Notice the extreme level of noise in the Lightroom HDR photo on the left, compared to the Photomatix Pro photo on the right.
HDR software manages ghosting by giving more weight to a single source image during the HDR merging process. When deghosting values are increased, moving objects are are removed because there is less emphasis on the content of other source photos. When I increase deghosting values one of the images is emphasized, removing his ghosts from the other two images. By default, Photomatix Pro uses the middle exposure value as a pivot point.
You can choose an under or overexposed pivot frame if it works better. In this case Lightroom chose to use the underexposed photo from the three source photos, which was shot at -2 EV. I was able to discern this by looking at the original source files to see where the moving headlights were in each. Because this source photo is an underexposure of an already dark scene, it contains serious noise. When that noise becomes part of the merged HDR file, it can render it unusable.
Admittedly, these night photos with ghosting lights presents a worst-case scenario for HDR merging. HDR requires intentionally underexposed source photos, so noise is an issue. Underexposed photos shot at night contain a huge amount of noise. There are almost as many ways of doing HDR as there are photographers. The HDR software you use depends mostly on your needs. You may find that it does exactly what you need with the type of photography you do.
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The images used for patching are calibrated to match the resulting HDR image. In order to blend the patches even better, some feathering is applied. It can be controlled globally with the "Smoothness" parameter. A bit more complicated example is shown below. It's a sequence of 6 identically exposed photos. There were a lot of people moving around making it impossible to take a clean shot. JavaScript support is required to run this website properly. Please enable it in your browser's settings, or turn off the script blocker.
User edited mask painted in a way to eliminate all moving people. User edited mask painted in a way to make the moving person appear 3 times on the HDR image. Please note that the patch done with the underexposed image is not well calibrated. The final result.
Stack of the 6 input photos, no ghost removal.
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