If you think your child may have swallowed a chemical substance or an object that could be harmful for instance, a button battery , first call poison control at Then, call for emergency medical help. It helps to know what chemical product the child has swallowed or has been exposed to. You may need to take it with you to the hospital.
Keep the number for poison control, , in an easily accessible place, such as on the refrigerator. Reviewed by: Kate M. Cronan, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Are Common Causes of Burns? The first step in helping to protect kids from burns is to understand how common burns happen: Thermal burns: These burns raise the temperature of the skin and tissue underneath.
Thermal burns happen from steam, hot bath water , tipped-over coffee cups, hot foods, cooking fluids, etc. Radiation burns: These happen from exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays a sunburn because skin isn't well-protected in the sun or from radiation such as during an X-ray.
Chemical burns: These happen from swallowing strong acids like drain cleaner or button batteries or spilling chemicals like bleach onto the skin or eyes. Electrical burns: These are from contact with electrical current and can happen from things like biting on electrical cords or sticking fingers or objects in electrical outlets, etc.
What Are the Types of Burns? First-Degree Superficial Burns Superficial shallow burns are the mildest type of burns. They're limited to the top layer of skin: Signs and symptoms: These burns cause redness, pain, and minor swelling. These burns extend into the body and can reach fat, muscle, tendons, joints, and bone. People with these higher-level burns need immediate medical attention.
An injury of this degree may result in the loss of the burnt body part. People can help protect themselves and others from burns by taking care with hot liquids and food items to prevent scalding. People should also put safety measures in place in case of a fire.
People may be able to prevent a minor burn from worsening by running it under cool water for at least 10 minutes immediately after burning. Most minor burns heal without medical treatment, usually within a week, and a person will not need to see a doctor.
People can treat mild burns at home by cooling the burn then applying a nonstick sterile dressing. People should try not to burst or pop any blisters, as this could increase the risk of infection and slow the healing process. Read this article in Spanish.
A blister is a pocket of fluid that forms between the upper layers of skin. The most common causes are crushed or pinched skin, chemical exposure…. Freezing temperatures or coming into direct contact with a cold object, such as an ice cube or ice pack, can damage the skin tissue and cause an ice….
First aid is a way of preparing an individual to respond to emergency situations quickly. Administering first aid techniques before medical assistance…. Treating burn scars depends on the severity of the burn and how recently it occurred. The article examines the various types of burn scars, how to…. A person can typically treat first- and second-degree burns and scalds at home using certain household or over-the-counter products.
It is also…. Because the sensation of touch is experienced through the skin, any areas that have nerve damage due to the injury may be less sensitive to touch.
Nerve regrowth is usually a slow process and sensations may be permanently changed. As a result of a burn injury, sweat glands and blood vessels on the skin may have been damaged.
The blood vessels are surrounded by scar tissue and cannot expand and contract properly. Sweat glands cannot make moisture on the skin surface as they did prior to the injury. Because of the changes in the sweat glands, itching and abnormal sweating are often encountered as burn injuries finish healing. After a burn injury, the area of burned skin may appear red and inflamed.
This redness gradually decreases and fades as the skin matures. The dermis is the thicker underlayer. It contains the sweat glands, hair follicles and nerve endings that feel pain. The subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis is the next layer.
This fat layer helps the body to maintain temperature. Underneath the subcutaneous layer is muscle and bone. A first-degree burn is damage to the first or outer layer of skin epidermis. It is pink, red, dry and painful, but generally mild. An example of a first-degree burn is a sunburn. If the burn is kept clean and moist, it will usually heal over a week or two.
Some peeling will occur and there is no scarring. A second-degree burn affects a deeper layer of the skin. There is damage to the top layer or epidermis and some damage to the second layer of skin or dermis. There are blisters, which may be broken or intact, and swelling. The skin under the blisters is wet, weepy, pink and painful. This type of burn may occur from a scald, hot grease or contact with a hot surface, such as a curling iron. In a third-degree burn, all layers of the skin are destroyed.
Blisters may be present and color of the skin varies red, pale pink, white and tan. Typically, these burns have very diminished pain.
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